SKU: 70030277005

Benford's Law

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Description

Benford's LawA powerful new tool for all forensic accountants, or anyone who analyzes data that may have been altered Benford's Law gives the expected patterns of the digits in the numbers in tabulated data such as town and city populations or Madoff's fictitious portfolio returns. Those digits, in unaltered data, will not occur in equal proportions; there is a large bias towards the lower digits, so much so that nearly one half of all numbers are expected to

A powerful new tool for all forensic accountants, or anyone who analyzes data that may have been altered

Benford's Law gives the expected patterns of the digits in the numbers in tabulated data such as town and city populations or Madoff's fictitious portfolio returns. Those digits, in unaltered data, will not occur in equal proportions; there is a large bias towards the lower digits, so much so that nearly one-half of all numbers are expected to start with the digits 1 or 2. These patterns were originally discovered by physicist Frank Benford in the early 1930s, and have since been found to apply to all tabulated data. Mark J. Nigrini has been a pioneer in applying Benford's Law to auditing and forensic accounting, even before his groundbreaking 1999 Journal of Accountancy article introducing this useful tool to the accounting world. In Benford's Law, Nigrini shows the widespread applicability of Benford's Law and its practical uses to detect fraud, errors, and other anomalies.

  • Explores primary, associated, and advanced tests, all described with data sets that include corporate payments data and election data
  • Includes ten fraud detection studies, including vendor fraud, payroll fraud, due diligence when purchasing a business, and tax evasion
  • Covers financial statement fraud, with data from Enron, AIG, and companies that were the target of hedge fund short sales
  • Looks at how to detect Ponzi schemes, including data on Madoff, Waxenberg, and more
  • Examines many other applications, from the Clinton tax returns and the charitable gifts of Lehman Brothers to tax evasion and number invention

Benford's Law has 250 figures and uses 50 interesting authentic and fraudulent real-world data sets to explain both theory and practice, and concludes with an agenda and directions for future research. The companion website adds additional information and resources.



Binding Type: Hardcover
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 04/24/2012
ISBN: 9781118152850
Pages: 330
Weight: 1.63lbs
Size: 10.00h x 7.20w x 1.30d
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SKU: 70030277005

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not very long lasting
I like the fact that they have no stuffing. My 20-pound dog chewed through these in no time and got the squeaker out and tried to eat it. My dog enjoyed tearing it apart. I had to chase him around to get the squeaker out of his mouth. The size is great for a medium sized dog. However, it lasted only minutes before it was ruined.
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Great dog toys!
Great dog toys! My dogs love the crunchy sound and it keeps them busy!
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These are very colorful and well made. They are flat, but wonderfully crinkly. Good sturdy material for medium to small dog. Looks like they will last a long time. My dog loves them.
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Phoenix, US
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Dog loves even though they are thin product dog loves them and Picks Them out of many many toys.
These were super thin and I thought about tearing a hole in them and putting in a slight bit of stuffing. However, my dog absolutely loves them and we fling them across the house and the yard like little Frisbees. They are very lightweight but kind of a corduroy stitched fabric and they have lasted quite some time and been through the washer and dryer many times and abused. Still holding up and the dog loves them. Highly recommend a great product for the price.
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